Gugamal National Park, Amravati – The National Park
The national park spreads over an area
of about 361.28 sq. kms and elevations ranging from 350 to 1,178 m. It is
situated in the Melghat hills in the southern part of Satpura range. The national park forms the core of the Melghat Tiger Reserve. The park is named
after the Gugamal Range, a hill range that runs through its core. This national
park is popular for its huge number tiger population. It is considered to be
the Indian national park with highest number of tigers present.
The park is traversed by Tapti River, Melghat River (Khandu River), Dolar River,
Sipna River, Gadga River, Khapra River and Wan River.


The Tapti River is the major river
that flows along the northern border of the park. The park receives around
1,850 mm rainfall on an average. The national park is inhabited by the Korku
Tribe and Gond Tribe. The best time to visit the park is between October and
June, especially during early morning hours. Winter season is ideal for bird
watching. Tourists can enjoy a stay in the park and do night safari. Kolka Rest
House is the forest guest house of the area, where standard accommodations are
available based on permission taken from the Amravati Forest Office.
Flora:
The habitat is a typical representative of the Central Indian Highland,
forming a part of the Deccan Peninsula- Central Indian Highland
biogeographically. The forest is southern tropical dry deciduous in nature,
dominated by teak (Tectona grandis) and bamboo. The forests comprised of more than 750
species of plants including 316 herb species, 66 shrub species, 56 climbers, 23
sedge species and 90 tree species. The trees found in the forest are teak
(Tectona grandis), ain (Terminalia alata), Indian gooseberry (Emblica
officinalis), lendia (Lagerstroemia parviflora), dhawada (Anogeissus
latifolia), and kusum (Schleichera oleosa) trees.
Some orchids and strobilanthes are present in the upper
hills. The area is rich in medicinal plants.
Fauna:
The mammals found in the park are Bengal
tiger, Indian leopard, sloth bear, Ussuri dhole, Indian
jackal, striped hyena, four-horned antelope, sambar, gaur, barking
deer, honey badger, flying
squirrel, cheetal, nilgai, wild boar, langur, rhesus monkey,
and macaques. The reptiles found in the park are Indian cobra, skink
snake, Indian python, dwarf & bark gecko, common Indian monitor, Dhamen and
crocodiles. The crocodiles were reintroduced in the region in a systematic
manner in Siddu Kund (river Gadga) near Dhakna and Hathi Kund (river Dolar) in
the 1990 & 1991.
The national park is also home to 25
types of fishes and many varieties of butterflies. The birds found in the park
are jungle & common babbler, green bee-eater, crested bunting,
yellow-billed babbler, white-checked barbet, laughing dove, common kingfisher,
white-eyed buzzard, common stonechat, black-shouldered kite, honey buzzard,
white-throated kingfisher, Indian peafowl, black kite, rose-ringed parakeet,
black-throated munia, rock pigeon, forest spotted owlet, serpent eagles, paradise
flycatcher, Indian roller, Malabar pied hornbill, greater racket-tailed drongo and
white-bellied drongo. Several migratory birds can also be observed during
winter months.