Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve – History

Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve – History

Bandhavgarh was declared a national park in 1968 and then became Tiger Reserve in 1993. The adjoining Panpatha Wildlife Sanctuary too was declared as a part of the tiger reserve. The fort is situated at the top of Bandhavgarh hill in the centre of the Tiger Reserve was built by a Gond dynasty king and was the seat of rulers of Rewa State, until they shifted to Rewa town in 1617 CE. The state of Rewa was founded in 1234 CE by Vyaghra Dev, a descendant of the Vaghelas of Gujarat.

He married the daughter of the Raja of Ratanpur, bringing Bandhogarh (currently known as Bandhavgarh) into the family as her dowry. In 1593 CE, after the death of Maharaja Virbhadra Rao, his minor son, Maharaja Vikramaditya succeeded him and was sent to Delhi for his own safety. The Mughal emperor, Akbar took advantage and send one of his loyal nobles as temporary governor. Once, he had taken control of the fort, the nobles and the officials of the Rewa State were expelled, and the fort was annexed by the Mughals in 1597 CE.

When Maharaja Vikramaditya returned to his kingdom in 1617 CE, he was forced to establish a new capital at Rewa. After independence and abolition of the princely States, the process of degradation of forests started due to relaxed control. Maharaja Martand Singh of Rewa, was deeply moved by the destruction of forests. On his proposal an area of 105 sq. km. was declared as National Park in 1965. The area of the park was increased to 448.84 sq. km. in 1982.

Bandhavgarh gradually lost its prominence once the capital was moved to Rewa. The fort became less inhabited and the villages around the fort also moved to other areas. Due to the reduced human pressure, the forest flourished around the fort. The ownership of the fort remained with the Maharajas of Rewa, who after moving to Rewa had declared the area as their private hunting game reserve with only the Royal family having the right to hunt the Tiger.

There was a strange custom among the royals of Rewa State that each of the maharajas set out to kill 109 tigers because they believed it to be lucky. By 1914 CE, Maharaja Venkat Raman Singh had killed 111 tigers. The last few inhabitants left the fort in 1935 CE. Maharaja Martand Singh of Rewa captured the first white tiger in this region in 1951. This white tiger, Mohan, is now stuffed and on display in the palace of the Maharajas of Rewa. The devastation of the forests in this area due to the inadequate regulation severely affected Maharaja Martand Singh of Rewa.

In 1968, a 105 sq km area was first designated as a national park based on his suggestion. Poaching was controlled after the establishment of the park. The wildlife started to thrive in the park. The park was expanded to 448 sq kms in 1982 to accommodate the growing population of tigers and other animals. Due to the large population of tigers, the park was declared as a tiger reserve in 1993. The park was later expanded to encompass a core area of 694 sq kms and a buffer area of 437 sq kms.